The Standards And School Law - 1129 Words

Standards and School Law Institution Affiliation Date 1. Standards and how the law is related to requiring teachers to use Content Standards to set clear objectives. You would probably want to include at least comments on NCLB legislation. Standards can also refer to effective teaching standards such as National Board Teaching Standards. How do both types of support student learning? There are several standards that have been set in the education sector with the aim of ensuring that sustainable education in the society is achieved. Institutions, agencies, and laws have also been put across with the aim of ensuring that the education system is well supported. Teachers have a legal responsibility to ensure that learners have†¦show more content†¦These boards have played a major role in ensuring that Standards are maintained in the education systems and that transparency and accountability is enhanced. The impact of these boards and legislations has been felt far and wide and they continue to be embraced. These boards have played a major role in ensuring that students are given an equal opportunity to further their education with the help of qualified professionals. 2. Disability Law is predominantly associated with special education programs and students. What do you know about IDEA? Discrimination on the basis of disability has spread far and wide including in institutions of learning. For a long time, persons with disability were discriminated against and were considered to have several inabilities. Individuals with disability are everywhere including in institutions of learning. Several measures have been taken to protect persons with disability. The IDEA act has played a major role in protecting the rights of the children with disability by putting in place measures to help these children. This act has also defined various disabilities among children and ways in which these children can find help. Some of these disabilities include learning disabilities among children, autism and hearing disabilities among others. The human rights act has also played a major role in protecting children withShow MoreRelatedTort Liability and Contract Liab ility.1484 Words   |  6 Pagestort law is composed of state statutes and court decisions that gives one the right to sue someone who causes harm to them, whether its a drunk driver, a corporation that manufactures a defective product, a credit card company that overcharges you, or a government bureaucrat that breaks the law or a school official such as a teacher or principal. The law of the state in which the school is located determines a schools legal responsibility for supervision during instructional time and school-sponsoredRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act990 Words   |  4 Pageswas signed into law by President Barack Obama in December 10, 2015. The paper will also address the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which was signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2002. The paper will talk about some of the key components of ESSA in comparison with NCLB and identify some possible strengths and weaknesses in ESSA’s new approach. ESSA was signed into law on December 10, 2015 by President Barack Obama in replacement of the NCLB, which was signed into law in 2002 by PresidentRead MoreA Discussion Of Administrative Law1115 Words   |  5 PagesA Discussion of Administrative Law Related to Title IX Administrative laws are rules and regulations passed by agencies appointed by legislatures. Moreover, administrative laws are used to clarify expansive laws. The Department of Education, Department of Health and Homeland Security and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are federal agencies that pass administrative laws that effect K-12 education. Furthermore, in Texas, the State Board of Education (SBOE) passes rules that become part of theRead MoreStudent Code Of Conduct And Employee Handbook867 Words   |  4 Pagesalleged cyberbullying, Beaufort Country School District has taken proactive steps towards de-escalating cyberbullying in their schools. Willis was bullied on social media networks: Facebook, and Instagram, and video-sharing website YouTube. Despite her family monitoring her Internet activities neither her parents nor friends were aware she used a pseudonym on Tumblr until after her passing where repeated threats and bullying took place. Beaufort County Schools has added anti-bully prevention and conflictRead MoreThe Elementary And Secondary Education Act And The No Child Left Behind Act1335 Words   |  6 PagesSucceeds Act (ESSA) was enacted into law on December 10, 2015 by former President Barack Obama. This law replaced the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 that President George W. Bush passed into law during his presidency. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) replaced the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which was passed by Lyndon Johnson. The ESSA â€Å"reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equalRead MoreThe Importance Of A Teacher s Profession1164 Words   |  5 Pagestheir ability as well as meet the State standards that are the guidelines for what the students need to be learning. In my state of Arkansas, those standards are Common Core. The Common Core is a set of standards implemented by The Council of Chief State School Offices in 2009 to create a learning environment in the United States where all students are meeting the same set of standards to uplift them to higher education and their future careers. The Standards are for Math and Language Arts in an attemptRead MoreThe Fayetteville Police Department Commission On Accreditation For Law Enforcement Agencies Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesCommission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (C.A.L.E.A.) on March 23, 2002 (__). The purpose of state certification, is to help law enforcement agencies calculate and improve their performance. The Fayetteville Police Department received certification from the Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police (GPAC). Agency certification of the GACP, is a program that identifies a set of standards that are felt to be essential to law enforcement agencies. While some standards do not apply to all agenciesRead MoreEvery Stu dent Succeeds Act ( Essa )934 Words   |  4 Pagestell if this will prove true, nevertheless ESSA will significantly change educational approaches in the upcoming years. During President Bush’s term, government became aware that American schooling needed major improvement. There was a need of a law which would improve the system while using scores to evaluate students as well as their teachers. The fundamental principle of this bill is that every child can learn, we expect every child to learn, and you must show us whether or not every childRead MoreThe Concept Of High Value Professionals Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagesteachers are needed to interpret, shape, and pass knowledge to the â€Å"next generation.† You cannot â€Å"do† what you have not been taught; therefore, teachers have the responsibility to create a safe/stable learning environment, and adhere to school law to deliver standard-based instruction. Students learn best in comfortable and safe environments. Teachers have a certain responsibility to ensure that the classroom is suitable for all students. Perfection does not appear to exist in this world, so it isRead MoreLegal Seminar : A Teacher s Greatest Expectation924 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents safe and provide protection; this is following the standard of care. A teacher needs to exercise watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence in any circumstance when dealing with students. With this in mind, the Professional Educator Board has established policies and requirements for the preparation of all education professionals. All teachers must be aware of all the laws since teachers are in a high-risk job, in which breaking the law could be done unintentionally. This is why it is super

Buddhism During The Heian Period - 1510 Words

Buddhism During the Heian period (745-1185AD) Buddhism spread throughout Japan and thrived in the imperial court in Heiankyo (Kyoto). There were two sects of Buddhism that were most popular during this time, one was Tendai and the other was Shingon. Both of these sects of Buddhism came from China and were brought over to Japan by two different people. Saicho or Dengyo Daishi brought over Tendai sect (767-822) and Kukai or Kobo Daishi brought over Shingon sect (774-835) known as Esoteric Buddhism. Tendai sect beliefs were also of Esoteric Buddhism, but Saicho teachings were based on Chih-I form inspired by the Lotus Sutra, the practice of Chines Ch’an, the commandments of the Mahayant, and part of the esoteric teaching of the â€Å"True Word† (History of Buddhism). Due to both Saicho and Kukai being introduced to Esoteric Buddhism, some might have thought there was a rivalry between them, but that was not so due to Kukai was consider an expert due to his training he had with his mentor. Out of the two sects it would be Kukai that would still have a strong hold in the Japanese culture today. It is important to understand how Kukai came to understand his beliefs and what Esoteric Buddhism was for him and the influence Kukai would have on Esoteric Buddhism. Esoteric Buddhism (Shingon in Japanese) â€Å"refers to the mantra words and syllables that convey the essence of the Buddha-teaching (Symbols).† Esoteric is about the word of presence, the word of God, a divine word, aShow MoreRelatedThe Tale Of Genji By Murasaki Shikibu877 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent tale among the Heian court. The novel illustrates the rise of Prince Genji , as the son of a minor consort of the emperor, to a higher stature in society. The Tale of Genji symbolized the preeminent values and moral principles that society admired and honored during the Heian Period. Life during the Heian Period was nothing short of remarkable. Society accepted and embraced certa in regimes that were established and enforced by the Emperor. The Heian Period (794 to 1192) was depictedRead MoreThe Heian Period Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesThe Heian Period from about 794-1185 A.D. was an impressive era in Japanese history. Considered Japan’s Classical Age, it was a period of wealth and sophistication. Peace and prosperity, high culture, powerful clans, new ideas and relative independence of foreign influence marked this time. The move to the capital of Heian-kyÃ…  (modern day Kyoto) was motivated in large part on a desire by Emperor Kammu to reduce the substantial influence exercised by the monasteries in HeijÃ… -kyÃ…  (modern day Nara)Read MoreThe Golden Age Of Heian1553 Words   |  7 PagesDorf Samantha Ms. Lee Global History 23 March 2015 The Golden Age of Heian Periods of time with peace and stability politically and religiously, paired with flourishing arts, are called Golden Ages. One thriving, revolutionizing time like this occurred in Heian, Japan from 794 to 1185 C.E., under the rule of the Fujiwara family. Succeeding the Nara period, many aspects of the Heian culture, such as Buddhism and the writing system, were borrowed from China. However, in this time, Japan took thoseRead MoreThe Diary Of Lady Murasaki And The Tale Of Genji1444 Words   |  6 Pagesset in the Heian period of Japan. Poetry and story writing were highly valued art forms during this period, poems were usually printed on beautifully decorated stationary. As for stories, most of them were written by women and considered classics of the time. Aesthetics were also highly valued. From the way a ladies hair was done, the color choice of her clothing, the blackness of her teeth, and makeup. All of these were considered determining factors of status. As for religion, duri ng this timeRead MoreThe Tale of Genji Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesan important period in Japanese history. Its complicated plot focuses on the significance of the Heian period and portrays in detail the life of the upper society in the Heian court. A court lady named Muraski Shikibu who had first hand experience of Heian society and Japanese aristocracy having served the empress wrote this literary work. She managed to pull the reader deep in to her world of women’s aristocratic lifestyle that reveals the patriarchal and hierarchal nature of Heian society by showingRead MoreSummary Of Genji : A Lover Who Transcends The Boundary Of The Heian Court1596 Words   |  7 PagesEric Sands Professor David T. Bialock EALC 342 September 30th 2014 Genji: A Lover Who Transcends the Boundary of the Heian Court One thousand years ago, when art, poetry, and literature were flourishing at the height of the Heian court, a noble Japanese lady-in-waiting named Murasaki Shikibu wrote a story that was not entirely fiction but also not non-fiction. The Tale of Genji, a story about an impressively handsome â€Å"shining† young man named Genji, was intended to be read by a small elite groupRead MoreMonogatari : A Historical Analysis1466 Words   |  6 Pageswives and mistresses. It is in essence the a list of the of the most powerful people of the time period. It is due to both Murasaki Shikibu’s and Genj Hikaru’s noble births, many scholars consider Genji Mongatari as a reliable source for the habits and behaviors of the Heian Court. The insight the tale gives about the social structure, the relationships and even the religious practices is massive. The Heian lords seemed to be split among five ranks. The top three ranks were the high court nobles. ThisRead MoreChanges and Innovations in Japanese Literature in the Medieval Era951 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a vast difference between the courtly airs of the Heian Period and the overall feeling of the following Kamakura Period that makes the younger of the two periods more appealing. The changes in Japanese literature during the Kamakura Period can be readily observed in many works, including the innovation in poet devices found in the Shinkokinshu, as well as the subject matters of different stories. We have the introduction of another ancient Japanese classic in Heike Monogatari, where theRead MoreZen Gardens Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pages Zen Buddhism began to show up in Japan during the eighth century. It went through various periods of popularity and disregard, but constituted one of the most important influences on Japanese culture. All Buddhist temples include gardens. The first temple gardens evolved from well-groomed landscaping around Shinto shrines. Later, the gates and grounds surrounding Buddhist temples began to use gardens to beautify the temple, similar to the Heian mansion gardens. Jodo Buddhism (Pure Land)Read MoreThe Main Religion of the Heian Period Essay2666 Words   |  11 Pagesthe Heian Period Two Buddhist sects, Tendai and Shingon, dominated religion in the Heian period. The word tendai means heavenly platform, and the word shingon means true word. Both of them belonged to the Mahayana, Great Vehicle, branch of Buddhism originating in India, and both of them were imported from China by the Japanese court at the beginning of the ninth century. In their new surroundings, the sects came to terms with the change from the centralized monarchy of early Heian times

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports - 1686 Words

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because an athlete’s reputation could be tarnished and their career ruined. Money is one of the major reasons why players use them; if they perform at levels higher than what their natural abilities could do they will be offered a large sum of money.†¦show more content†¦He ran a 9.79, which at the time was a new world record. A few weeks later his medal was taken away from him, because he tested positive for human growth hormones. Even though this was a great feet in the history of track and field, nobody will be able to say he did it with natural talent and athleticism. He would end up not being able to compete ever again. The senseless decision to take performance enhancing drugs could ruin an athlete’s entire career. Many High School students have started to use these dangerous drugs; this is starting to become a major problem because athletes are just cheating themselves and are not becoming better. Professional athletes are setting very bad examples for high school students. Something every student has to deal with no matter if you play a varsity sport or is just a normal student is the pressure to do well and succeed. Some school districts have even been contemplating to add drug testing to high school athletes. This will eventually stop people from cheating to become professional athletes. Students also need to know what they are doing is wrong and could dangerously affect their long term health and could possibly lead to death. One statistic that may not seem extreme is that 2.3 percent of all high school students have used some type of performance enhancing drug. This is a dangerous statistic that no one is really addressing. If a young student wants to become pro they need to work hard andShow MoreRelatedPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one ofRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or traine rs can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicine

The Cantebury Tales was Geoffrey Chaucers Satire Towards...

Geoffrey Chaucer expresses his disillusionment with the Catholic Church, during the Medieval Era, through satire when he wrote, The Canterbury Tales. The Medieval Era was a time when the Catholic Church governed England and was extremely wealthy. Expensive Cathedrals and shrines to saints relics were built at a time when the country was suffering from famine, scarce labor, disease and the Bubonic Plague, which was the cause of death to a third of Europes population and contributed to the rise of the middle class. It seemed hypocritical to the people when the church preached against the sin of greed when the church was built and dressed so lavishly. There were rumors of corrupt Popes, church clerical†¦show more content†¦So it is apparent that some of the pilgrims are going for health rather than religious reasons. Two examples are the Pardoner was beardless and the Summoner had skin problems. Relics are sacred objects that hold religious significance and became popular when books were written that told of their link to miracles. Pilgrimages were also of importance to people during the Medieval Era because relics were sought after during this duration. People would visit the shrines of the holy people and take a piece for remembrance, and to feel close with the saint even if they are at a great distance to the shrine. Many churches claimed to possess relics of the burial site of Jesus Christ and of his Cross. The Pardoner is one of the characters Chaucer selects to satirize the corruption of the Church. The Pardoner is an untrustworthy character whose sexuality is questioned. It is suggested, by Chaucer, that he might have an ongoing affair with the Summoner. The Pardoner is a vain man who has thin, scraggly hair, a high voice, and is beardless. He had difficulty growing one and his face is described as freshly shaven. He hated to do manual labor and despised poverty. He refused to live humbly like the apostles. The Pardoner had a dubious profession. He was paid by the Church to offer and sell indulgences. The message the Catholic Church was

A White Heron free essay sample

â€Å"A White Heron† by Sarah Orne Jewett tells the story of a young girl named Sylvia who has to make the difficult decision whether or not to tell a hunter where a very rare bird is living. Sylvia lives with her grandmother, Mrs. Tilley, out in the country. Daily she takes out her grandmother’s cow, Mistress Molly, to eat grass. One day on her way back home, she encounters a man in the woods who informs her he is lost and would like a place to stay. Mrs. Tilley allows him to stay, and while they all get acquainted, the young man explains he’s an ornithologist searching for a very rare bird, a white heron. He will pay ten dollars to whoever can help him find the bird. Sylvia and the man search, but constantly turn up empty handed. One night she decides to climb a tree where she believes the heron might be. We will write a custom essay sample on A White Heron or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She spots the bird and goes home to inform the man. Although Sylvia later regrets this decision, she has a change of heart and says nothing about finding the bird. He eventually leaves without the bird or knowledge of where it’s hiding. Jewett shows how making a life or death decision is always a hard choice to make. The title of the story, â€Å"A White Heron†, implies that it will be an important symbol. A white heron is a contextual symbol as it can mean different things to different people. In this specific story it symbolizes life and the hunter symbolizes death. If Sylvia gives away the secret of where the heron is hiding, she will essentially give up his life to the hunter. He will be killed. She stands her ground and doesn’t let him know where the heron is although she knows that if she did, she would get a remarkable reward. The heron is a physical symbol since it can be touched. It is shown many times throughout the story, â€Å"She remembers how the white heron came flying through the golden air and how they watched the sea and the morning together, and Sylvia cannot speak; she cannot tell the heron’s secret and give its life away† (628). She feels as though she is one of them and they have had a special moment. The heron is also used as a visual symbol in this story. â€Å"The birds sang louder and louder. At last the sun came up bewilderingly bright. Sylvia could see the white sails of ships out at sea, and the clouds that were purple and rose-colored and yellow at first began to fade away† (627). There is an image painted out for the reader to see what Sylvia is seeing. Jewett uses imagery to help point out a connection between two irrelevant thing, Sylvia and the white heron. There are many similes throughout the whole story, â€Å"Sylvia began with utmost bravery to mount to the top of it, with tingling eager blood coursing the channels of her whole frame, with her bare feet and fingers, that pinched and held like bird’s claws to the monstrous ladder reaching up, almost to the sky itself† (627). And in a different instance: â€Å"Now look down again, Sylvia, where the green marsh is set among the shining birches and dark hemlocks; there where you saw the white heron once you will see him again; look look! White spot of him like a single floating feather comes up from the dead hemlock and grows larger, and rises, and comes close at last, and goes by the landmark pine with steady sweep of wing and outstretched slender neck and crested head† (628). The use of the heron as a symbol of life and the hunter as a symbol of death really shows a contrast between good and evil. It isn’t about the money for Sylvia. It’s about doing the right thing and making the decision she felt was the correct one.

Michelle Obama Speech NAACP free essay sample

Since most hillier are seldom most of the time and spend hours upon hours watching television every extra hour of TV they watch Is associated with the consumption of an dilation 1 67 calories. (423). Children arent Just becoming lazier, theyre actually becoming more and more unhealthy as time goes on developing diabetes and cancer. Heart disease, asthma. (420). In an effort to try and help fix childhood obesity Obama launched the Lets Move campaign, which even features commercials onDisney Channel showing the Disney celebrities outside playing some kind of physical activity. The four main points to this campaign are; The first one consists of giving parents knowledge to give their children healthy food not fast food. The second point states that the government is attempting to replace fatty foods in schools with healthier options, regardless of how the children will feel about it. The third part of the campaign is just trying to show children that being active actually is fun, it sent just have to be challenging. We will write a custom essay sample on Michelle Obama Speech NAACP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Building An Idea Of The Innovation Lending †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Building An Idea Of The Innovation Lending. Answer: Introduction The user innovation can be referred to as a basic idea which leads users of different services and products in order to launch innovation idea better than the producers. The exact explanation of the term can be letting the users to drive the concept of innovation as a medium to push the different sectors of the innovation beyond the boundaries of the lab [1]. The main process which is related to the innovation sector involve development of services and product without the involvement or assistance of the producers. Innovation which are put forward by the hard work of individual in order to put forward innovating ideas can be considered to be an important change in the process of the innovation sector after the revolution of the industry. The main focus point of the report is building an idea of the innovation lending the focus towards the basic concept towards case study related to the issue. The main points which are taken into consideration is the different elements which should be taken in the mind in order to initiate a process of innovation. Innovation topic Innovation topic can be related to any sphere taking into consideration the basic idea of innovation. The following example would directly put emphasis on the aspect of user innovation in different sectors. Hardware: the company related to the internet facility takes into account the computing hardware for example load balancer and the commodity computer mainly to create the first infrastructure of the cloud. Consumer electronics: the drivers found of different ways to innovate cameras which are waterproof before the concept of the waterproof cameras where available. Automotive: the concept of the auto customization was a very common hobby that drive many small organisations. The field of technology and the styling trends are very carefully noted by the manufacturer of the cars [3]. Case studies The main point of emphasis which should be enforced while incorporating a case study is the concept of innovation and how the concept can be applied to the real life in order to achieve technological advancement. Following there are two case studies which depicts the innovation sector and different platforms which should be kept in mind while initiating the process of innovation. Case Study 1: in the first case study the company TEK system is taken into consideration. The company supported the overnight overflow of the ticket for 350 customers and more. With the support the client was positioned to continue the improvement in the sector of the customer satisfaction, reduce the bag logs and increase the business overall. The client had been facing a big problem regarding to the ticket volume which was expected to increase on a daily basis. The information technology team was mainly responsible for the ticket resolution, they worked round the clock to resolve the problem. Although the overnight local team provided excellent support but on the other hand they become quickly overwhelmed by the volume of ticket which flowed into the system. TEK systems very much successful in delivering the off shore data centre support with the intention of enabling the client a better system of the management of the volume of the tickets and on the other hand help subsequently the sector of the improve end satisfaction which is related to the customer. This initiating this support they had enabled [2]. Reduced backlogs. Monitoring concept where Proactive. Communication with the client where made better. Conducting of the scheduling and the maintenance with aspect to the project work was done. Case Study 2: in the second case study the main limelight is focused on Microsoft Dynamics CRM. It served their client across multiple cities which includes sectors of industrial products, government and health care. The solution of the Microsoft Dynamics CRM of the company gave their client a competitive advantage in the automation, improved service to the customers with regards to the issues which are being faced by the management and a better company wise visibility [7]. From the basic out of the box solution to the custom xRM development, the company delivered solution to meet each and every requirement of the client. The Microsoft dynamic CRM is mainly a platform which can be adopted by any company in order to achieve advantage in the difffr4ent sectors related to the advancement of the business. The OSI system, Inc. is mainly a provider of the specialized system related to the electronic. The company follows a basic strategy in order to develop the solution s to the customer in a timely manner [2]. To keep in pace with the with the business growth and the expansion in the global sphere, the company required a scalable architecture that could serve the business goals of the organisation. The Microsoft Dynamics CRM platform was incorporated by the company which gave them the flexibility relating to the platform. The implementation gave the information technology team a fully integrated customer service tools which was fully connected, which mainly involved the team members to be very much quick and access efficiently and act upon the data which can be termed as crucial thus increasing the concept of satisfaction of the customer and customer service effort [8]. Discussion The key point which should be taken into consideration taking into account in order to pursue and put forward the innovation are. First the strategy of the innovation has to be very much inspiring and should be depicting the future stated of the company who is involved in the process. this can be considered to be very much high bar as it rules out the single minded incremental of the add- ones related to the business. This makes the organisation to think higher. The literature which is related to the innovation strategy should mainly be derived from the corporate strategy. The concept of the possibilities and the opportunity can be formulated for the basic growth on the other hand makes explicit choices regarding the role of the innovation [2]. The second point which should be taken into consideration is that the concept which is related to the innovation should be ambitious in terms of initiating the basic break away from the mere competitors, create a new space and beat the competitors. It should be taken into consideration that the innovation strategy which are mainly incorporated fail to deliver the truly sustainable competitive advantage which can be mainly be derived by performing of the overall market growth and exceeding the profit margin [1]. The profit margin exceeding should be considered very much essential which should be a main point of emphasis. The third point which should be considered is the development strategy should be open. The term open in this concept means bringing the outside in and working under a proper assumption of the innovation project. The statement gives a very proper idea about how the companies should open up and avoid the mere setting [10]. At the same time, it should be taken into consideration that it is not to be mistaken as a mere excuse for the falling to come up with greater strategy related to the innovation which is based upon internal ideas and conviction. The above stated strategy can be incorporated with the above stated case studies. To be very much precise it can be strategically being involved in any case study which are involved in the innovation aspect. In any aspect the innovation should be levied in order to justify the growth of the organisation and gain a competitive advantage over the competitors. The concept of user innovation can be clearly being understood taking into consideration figure 1 which is given below. Comparative study of the case study In both the case study which is taken into consideration above in order to gain knowledge about the innovation, the concept of reaching a desired goal relating to the innovation are the main goal [9]. The comparative approach which is followed by different personal or organisation are different. The strategy which is to be followed in order to achieve an individual innovation goal depends upon the task which is to completed. Many factors play a vital role in both the cases which are very much common, one being the hunger to achieve the innovation in any field in order to gain competitive advantage over the competitors and to gain advantage in the sector of their own market area. The main point to comparison which can be seen relating to both the case study is that the Microsoft dynamic CRM is a platform which can be incorporated or implemented by any organisation in order to move a step forward in the sector of initiating an innovation. Taking this into consideration the role of inspiration can also play a very vital role in order to judge the capacity of an individual in order to plan an innovation and execute it and as a result of which gain competitive advantage [9]. ones an innovation is initiated the hunger or the desire to accompany or thrive for another innovation field can dominate the mind of the innovators. Conclusion It can be stated from the above report that the innovation aspect can be applied to any field any can come from any person who want to be involved in the sector. The person or the organisation who is involved in the concept should be very much ambitious towards the approach which is intended to be reached. The ambition to move forward in a creative field should be the main priority. Inspiration of the innovation can be gained from anywhere from an innovation which is already done and in place or a sector which is going to be implemented in the near future. The innovation sector should play a play role in the near future bringing into account an advanced approach to the concept of technology and its direct implementation into the real world. References Altman, Elizabeth J., and Michael L. Tushman. "Platforms, open/user innovation, and ecosystems: A strategic leadership perspective." Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Platforms. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017. 177-207. Bogers, Marcel, and Joel West. "Managing distributed innovation: Strategic utilization of open and user innovation." Creativity and innovation management 21.1 (2012): 61-75. Fain, Nusa, et al. "Bespoke innovation: filling the gap between classic and user-centred open innovation." The Design Society, 2017. Franke, Nikolaus, Florian Schirg, and Kathrin Reinsberger. "The frequency of end-user innovation: A re-estimation of extant findings." Research Policy 45.8 (2016): 1684-1689. Gassmann, Oliver, Ellen Enkel, and Henry Chesbrough. "The future of open innovation." Rd Management 40.3 (2010): 213-221. Hauck, Mrs Monika, and Christoph Hienerth. "The Role of Bloggers in Business Ecosystems-Investigation of Open and User Innovation Processes in the Fashion Industry." 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. 2016. Nielsen, Kristian Roed, Lucia A. Reisch, and John Thgersen. "Sustainable user innovation from a policy perspective: a systematic literature review." Journal of Cleaner Production 133 (2016): 65-77. Strandburg, Katherine J. "Users, Patents and Innovation Policy." (2016). Von Hippel, Eric. "Innovation by user communities: Learning from open-source software." MIT Sloan management review 42.4 (2001): 82. Von Hippel, Eric. "Open user innovation." Handbook of the Economics of Innovation 1 (2010): 411-427.

Macbeth by Shakespeare Research Paper Example

Macbeth by Shakespeare Paper Out of Shakespeare many plays Macbeth which was written in 1906-1606 is one of the best recognised plays around Britain and the world. Shakespeare mainly wrote three types of plays: * Comedy * Tragedy * History Macbeth is a blood thirsty tale of ambition and the evils we will go through to get what we want. Macbeth is the main character, who we see plot and kill in order to become King of Scotland. As soon as we see Macbeths wishes fulfilled we gradually witness the world fall around him. Macbeth is an historical account especially published for King James the first, it was also rumoured that King James was a descended of Banquo. Throughout Macbeth witchcraft and black magic lingers in every scene, this is cleverly used by Shakespeare because during the Elizabethan era, people were extremely superstitious and really believed in witchcraft and black magic. Witchcraft and black magic also changes Macbeths character a lot over the three scenes: * Approached by witches * Seeing of the dagger * Ghost of Banquo Macbeth is also considered unlucky to most actors, so they give Macbeth other play names like The comedy of Glamis, the Scottish play or even The play. Legend has it that an actor died on stage as well as many others. Macbeth has had so many interpretation over the years, for instance Macbeth has been filmed and adapted for the stage in so many ways that there has been a Nazi Germany version, Zulu Warriors and even a rock opera. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Act one Scene three Macbeth repeats what the witches say Fair is foul, foul is fair hover through the fog and filthy air. To the audience they might think the witches might have planned all the killings. In act one scene three we see that the witches are capable of evil mischief in a sieve Ill thither sail, and like a rat without a tail, Ill do and Ill do To Macbeth he instantly trusts their prophecies but in some way the witches are not tell Macbeth the whole truth. When Banquo and Macbeth see the witches for the first time they instantly recognise that there supernatural beings What are these that not like th inhabitants oth earth. Macbeth quickly interprets and understands that the witches have magical powers to tell the future. As the witches carry on speaking, the more affected Macbeth is You great with present grace and prediction of noble having and royal hope. Macbeth is then immediately open to suggestions of promotion and the crown. Banquo and Macbeth are both marvelled by the prophecies of the witches Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. So all hail Macbeth and Banquo. This quote suggests that the prophecies stay with both Banquo and Macbeth and gives them a lot to think about and act on. To the king we see that Macbeth is loyal and a great solider everyone did bear thy praises in his kingdom great defence. At this point Macbeth is loyal but the witches prophecies change him. Later on we see circumstances reward Macbeth with Thane of Cawdor Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor. The greatest is behind. This promotion could either be a coincidence but Macbeth sees it as a sign that the witches are telling the truth, but this would have happened if Macbeth met the witches or not. Macbeth then weighs up the good and the bad which were presented by the witchs prophecies Cannot be ill, cannot be good, if ill. The evil thoughts are that Macbeth thinks of committing murder but the good is that hes Cawdor. After Macbeth weighing his options, Macbeth finds himself considering murdering Duncan for the first time my thought whose murder yet is but fantastical in this quote we see Macbeth planning the murders not the witches. We also see Macbeth killing Duncan not Banquo let us speak our free hearts each to other Macbeth sees Banquo sharing the experience perhaps thinking the same. In act two scene one which is also known as the dagger scene is very important in Macbeth, in the scene we start seeing Macbeth character changing. In the scene we can tell Banquo is unaffected by the prophecy but still keep my bosom franchised, and allegiance clear From this Banquo experiences the same supernatural event as Macbeth but Banquo is unaffected. Macbeth also experiences a second supernatural event is this a dagger I see before me? It seems that the dagger is a product of Macbeths own creation or hes being bewitched. Macbeth tries to hold the dagger, but cannot come let me clutch thee still Macbeth is open to suggestion here and blames his feverish state on what hes about to do. He begins to interpret the meaning for the dagger for himself thou marshallst me the way I was going. Macbeth was longing for approval and confirmation, Macbeth starts imaging that the dagger towards as a sign. Macbeth finds himself reminding the power of Hecate to grant their hearts desires Witchcraft celebrate pale hecates off rings and withered murder. By doing this Macbeth is summoning supernatural power himself. Macbeth longs for secrecy to hide the actions hes about to commit hear not my steps, which way they walk for fear. This quote prove that Macbeth is forcing the prophecies to come true and not naturally, macbeth later on realises that hes actually talking not acting whiles I threat, he lives; words to heart of deeds too cold breath gives. Macbeth sees this as a sign for continuation but forces himself to kill. Within the dagger scene theres a lot of reference to his senses, visions and Macbeths character. Macbeth uses the reference to visions, the supernatural and death And yet I would not sleep; merciful powers and That summons thee to heaven or hell. This call to the supernatural helps Macbeth commit murder. In the dagger scene we see that Macbeth character become more deceitful to close friends and impatient I dreamed last night of the three sisters; to you they have showed some truth. I think not of them. The next major scene is when Lady Macbeth and Macbeth hold a banquet for the noblemen. Macbeth also hires an assassin to murder his close friend Banquo, so during the banquet the assassin enters telling him the news about Banquos death and unexpectedly Fleance escape. Later on the ceremony Macbeth has vision of Banquos ghost, Lady Macbeth tries to regain Macbeth sanity but fails, Macbeth is this then convinced hes going back to see the three witches. The guests who leave the banquet start suspecting Macbeth killed Duncan and Banquo. In the scene we see King Macbeth and Queen hosting a big banquet Ourself mingle with society and play humble host; our hostess keeps her state, but in the best time we will require her welcome In this quote we see a new side of Macbeth character of boastfulness. When Macbeth sees the assassin he is quite happy until he is told Fleance had escaped. He knows the danger Fleance represents Thou-art the best oth cut-throats, yet hes good that did the like for Fleance, if thou didst it, than art the non-pareil Macbeth is happy to hear that theres no longer a threat until hes told Fleance has escaped. When Macbeth speaks to his guest about Banquo his ghost appears were the graced person of our Banquo present. By this Macbeth is lying to his guest by mocking him as if he was alive, he also tries to care for Banquo. When a nobleman tells Macbeth to sit down Macbeth thinks every place at the table is filled The tables full Macbeth mind plays on him and imagines Banquos ghost. The ghost strategically sits in Macbeth seat, this event could be supernatural. As Macbeth sees Banquos ghost, Macbeth widely denies what he sees Thou canst not say and which have has done this Macbeth thinks that the guest are playing on him, Macbeth becomes paranoid by denying the accusation of killing Banquo but no one is accusing him. Before Macbeth tells the nobleman of crimes Lady Macbeth tries to talk sense to Macbeth Are you a man! This is the very painting of your fear; this is the air dagger which you said led you to Duncan. Lady Macbeth things that Macbeth is going to commit to what hes done, so she intervenes by making up a medical condition. This draws a lot of negative attention to him. Macbeth becomes more aware and tries to recover a little control I do forget Do you not muse at me, my most worthy friends. I have strange infirmity which is nothing to those who know me. Macbeth tries to calm his guests and tries to cover-up his visualisation by inventing a condition. As the ghost reappears, Macbeth convinces himself that its just his imagination, to the audience this could be a sign of guilt [Enter Banquo Ghost] and And to our dear friend Banquo who we all miss. After the ghost scene, Macbeth is beyond consolation and that hes going to visit the witches for some answers I keep a servant feed, I will tomorrow and betime I will-to the weird sisters. For Macbeth to return to the witches tells the audience, that the supernatural has affected Macbeths way of thinking. In conclusion we see that Macbeths character has changed drastically this has been due to: * Macbeths influences Changes through out the play Macbeths Influences Macbeth has had many influences from all aspects but the main influences are from the supernatural, this is mainly seen when Macbeth and Banquo first meet the witches. From this part of the scene Macbeth is immediately intrigued when the witches mention the prophecy of Macbeth being king. After analysing what the witches say Macbeth is then very affected by the witches words and starts plotting on how he can claim the crown. In act two scene three Macbeth visualises a dagger which is conveniently pointing towards the room of Duncan, Macbeth sees it as a sign. This sign immediately approves and confirms Macbeths influence of killing Duncan. Another influence in Macbeth character is Lady Macbeth, she pushes Macbeth into murdering Duncan just become king, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth prematurely forces change instead of it becoming natural. Occurred changes in Macbeths character From the beginning to the end of the play we see Macbeths character transform. In the beginning of the play Macbeth is portrayed as a loyal, humble and popular figure to the king and other noblemen. As we read on from where Macbeth meets the witches we see a new dimension of Macbeths character of being inpatient. Macbeth impatience and some persuasion from Lady Macbeth and supernatural events leads him to kill the king. In the beginning of Act two Scene one Banquo; Macbeths best friend who is loyal and caring to Macbeth is concerned that hes been affected by the prophecies, which he is so Macbeth lies to Banquo. Macbeth then interprets that Banquo wants to become king and in his head thinks Banquo is a threat to his crown hence Macbeth hires an assassin to kill him. Later when Macbeth is King he holds a banquet, we see Macbeths new character of being boastful and self-centred. The supernatural also shows the weak side of Macbeths new character for example when Macbeth sees Banquos ghost that hes terrified of his own actions also before the murder of Duncan, Macbeth is weak, scared and almost retreats before he is bullied into killing. Through out the play I have seen some prophecies which have come true for example the witches saying that Macbeth being King. This particular prophecy has effected Macbeth in many ways particularly his judgement and his character.

Aztecs Essay Essay Example

Aztecs Essay Paper 1st Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztec Indians, who were known for their domination of Southern and Central Mexico, ruled between the 14th and 16th centuries. The ancestors of the mighty Aztecs migrated for many years before settling sometime in the 13th century in the Valley of Mexico where the Empire later existed. The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians moved towards Lake Texcoco. In the 1320s the Aztecs had established their capital city Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City). Soon after thisfirst city was built, temples and other structures and statues came shortly after. The center of the Aztec civilization was the Valley of Mexico, which placed them at about 7.5 thousand feet above sea level, which provided them with a very reasonable climate in spite of being in the tropics. Even though their Empire was placed so high above sea level, the area had many marshes by Lake Texcoco, which made farming somewhat difficult. Families in these swamplands had only one piece of land to farm on, but they made useful chinapas. Chinapas were little islands formed by piled up mounds of mud. On these mounds the Aztecs grew corn, beans, various chili peppers, avocados, sweet potatoes, squash, tomatoes, and tobacco. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztecs Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aztecs Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aztecs Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Aztecs overcame their disadvantages and built their famous Empire. The Aztecs believe that the Empire was partially created by a deeply believed ancient legend. The legend stated that the Aztec people would create an Empire in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake while perched on a high cactus which was growing out of the rocks in the swamplands. This is what the priests claimed they saw while entering the new land soon to be called Tenochtitlan, which means The Land of Cactus. In the Aztec religion, numerous gods and goddesses were worshiped. Tenochtitlan, the capital city, was covered in giant religious statues in order to pay respect to these gods. 2nd Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs lived in the high central plateau among great mountain chains. This area is the valley of Mexico. There had been many previous cultures in Mexico: Olmecs, Toltecs, Totonacs, Zapotecs, Mixtecs and to the South and East there were the Maya. Each had its own sphere of influence. When the Aztecs arrived they found many growing city-states throughout Mexico. The Aztecs reached Mexico in 1519.The Tenochca built small huts made of mud and wattle. Inside the houses, or huts, there were very little furniture. The people sat on mats on the earthen floor. They rolled the mats out for the night and covered themselves with a mantle.In one corner of the one-roomed house, there was a small fire pit. There, the mother of the house made two meals per day for her family. One meal early in the morning before the men went out to work in the cornfields, and another meal when they came home. The rich peoples’ houses were made of dried brick called adobe.The Aztec Indians ate very many different kinds of foods. They ate avocados, chili, chocolate, fowl (chicken, pheasant, partridge, etc.), frijoles (ground beans), fruit, and mole (crushed peppers). Octli is a man’s drink only. Octli made a good drink during feasts. Pinole is a mixture of ground cornmeal and water. Pinole is a women and children’s drink only. They also ate seafood, tomatoes, tortillas, corn and vegetables.The Aztecs farmed corn, beans, squash, peppers, tomatoes, sunflowers and tobacco. They hunted turkey, pheasant, duck, deer, wild pig and rabbits. Rabbits and ducks were also bred for food. Bees were kept for honey. Peasant women made family clothing using a rough colorless cloth made from the Agave plant. Peasant men wore a white cloak tied over the right shoulder called a tilmantli. The peasant women wore ankle length skirts and blouses. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs were a great empire in Mexico during the 1400s and early 1500s.They were one of the most advanced civilizations in the Americas. They built many great cities, the biggest being tenochitian.This city lies within the borders of what is now Mexico.The Aztecs Accomplished many artistic achievments. The Aztecs were ruled by an emperor. Military units were put in spots around the empire to secure its safety. Many of the top positions of government were hereditary and ruled by family members, but if a citizen was to serve the empire in a special way, he could obtain a high office job. The Aztecs accomplished many goals during their time.They erected many great cities, They also practiced a remarkable religion that had influence on many other of the Aztec people. They built huge temples, and performed human sacrifices to worship their god. They had a remarkable imagination, and made many sculptures and paintings. By early 1400s Tenochtitlan had rose to become a powerful city, which controlled the region around it, forming a kind of city-state. This city and two others, Texcoco and Tlacopan, formed an alliance. Tenochtitan began to build what became the Aztec empire. Then a man by the name of Montezuma I came to power and the civilization was at the highest of its power. In 1519 a Spanish explorer and his troops came in on the Mexican coast and marched into Tenochtitan and took it over. From there, the whole empire fell, because tenochtitan was the main city in the Aztec empire, and with out it, the Aztecs were powerless. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs were an Indian people who lived in Central and Southern Mexico. They lived from the 14th to the 16th century. They made a huge empire based on conquest, paying tribute, and religious sacrifice of humans and animals. This is a map of the Aztec Empire by Larry B. The Aztecs made terraces, which were steps descending down a hall to control the flow of water. This kept their crops from flooding. Like the Olmec civilization, the Aztecs also used a slash and burn method of farming. Chinampas, artificial islands made by weacing giant reed mats and covering them with muded and plants, were used to extend crops into the swamp. Although they seemed to float, the chinampas were anchored to the ground by plant roots. All this helped the Aztecs grow and abundance of corn, chili peppers, squash, tomatoes, beans, and other kinds of food. The Aztecs were late arrivals to the Lake Texcoco area. They were surrounded by very strong neighbors, so they were forced to live on the swampy, western side of the lake. As the Aztecs grew in number they made excellent military and civil organizations. By 1325, they founded the city of Tenochtitlan. The city was located on present day Mexico City. It was very hard to build Tenochtitlan because the Aztecs only had a small piece of land in the surrounding marshes. The Aztecs made the swampy, shallow lake into chinampas. In this case the islands were made by piling up mud from the lake bottom. They used them as their city foundations. Then they built causeways and bridges to connect the city to the mainland. To easily move people and goods, canals were dug and lined with stone. All this made it easy to defent the city from attack. Because of Tenochtitlan’s location and high organization, the city grew rapidly. By 1519 there were about 60,000 people in the city every day. Goods were exported and traded in many other parts of the Aztec Empire. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs were an Indian people who lived in Central and Southern Mexico. They lived from the 14th to the 16th century. They made a huge empire based on conquest, paying tribute, and religious sacrifice of humans and animals. This is a map of the Aztec Empire by Larry B. The Aztecs made terraces, which were steps descending down a hall to control the flow of water. This kept their crops from flooding. Like the Olmec civilization, the Aztecs also used a slash and burn method of farming. Chinampas, artificial islands made by weacing giant reed mats and covering them with muded and plants, were used to extend crops into the swamp. Although they seemed to float, the chinampas were anchored to the ground by plant roots. All this helped the Aztecs grow and abundance of corn, chili peppers, squash, tomatoes, beans, and other kinds of food. The Aztecs were late arrivals to the Lake Texcoco area. They were surrounded by very strong neighbors, so they were forced to live on the swampy, western side of the lake. As the Aztecs grew in number they made excellent military and civil organizations. By 1325, they founded the city of Tenochtitlan. The city was located on present day Mexico City. It was very hard to build Tenochtitlan because the Aztecs only had a small piece of land in the surrounding marshes. The Aztecs made the swampy, shallow lake into chinampas. In this case the islands were made by piling up mud from the lake bottom. They used them as their city foundations. Then they built causeways and bridges to connect the city to the mainland. To easily move people and goods, canals were dug and lined with stone. All this made it easy to defent the city from attack. Because of Tenochtitlan’s location and high organization, the city grew rapidly. By 1519 there were about 60,000 people in the city every day. Goods were exported and traded in many other parts of the Aztec Empire. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs were a wondering tribe who came to the Valley of Mexico in the twelfth century.A legend tells the story that they once lived on an island called Aztlan.One day, in a cave they found a statue of their god Huitzilopochtli.The statue told them to find a new place to live and promised that they would be the ruler of a great empire.Their god promised he would give them a sign, to show them where to build their city.An eagle sitting on a cactus was their sign. The Aztecs used clothing and jewelry to show their importance and rank.There were very strict rules about what people could wear.By the age of four, all Aztec boys wore a loincloth.A loincloth is a strip of cloth tied around the waist and between the legs.Poor Aztecs were only allowed to wear white loincloths with a plain cloak tied around their shoulders.Wealthy warriors wore patterned loincloths with fringes or embroidery on them.They would dye their cloaks bright colors and some even had jewels, gold thread, or feather s woven into them.Very, very important men wore several cloaks at the same time. All Aztec boys go to school when they are about eight years old.There were two different kinds of schools, the clan schools and the nobles schools.At the clan schools, most of the teachers were skilled warriors, and weapon training was the most important part of school life.The boys practiced with wooden weapons and went into real battles to help the older warriors get better.The schools also taught history and crafts.All of the teachings were learned by heart, and the students were not taught how to read or write.Some things the boys had to do were: they had to keep the school clean, carry out repairs, cut fire wood, and keep the temple fires burning.Also, to make them tougher they were made to sleep in cold rooms with hardly any covering. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs The Aztecs were a wondering tribe who came to the Valley of Mexico in the twelfth century.A legend tells the story that they once lived on an island called Aztlan.One day, in a cave they found a statue of their god Huitzilopochtli.The statue told them to find a new place to live and promised that they would be the ruler of a great empire.Their god promised he would give them a sign, to show them where to build their city.An eagle sitting on a cactus was their sign. The Aztecs used clothing and jewelry to show their importance and rank.There were very strict rules about what people could wear.By the age of four, all Aztec boys wore a loincloth.A loincloth is a strip of cloth tied around the waist and between the legs.Poor Aztecs were only allowed to wear white loincloths with a plain cloak tied around their shoulders.Wealthy warriors wore patterned loincloths with fringes or embroidery on them.They would dye their cloaks bright colors and some even had jewels, gold thread, or feather s woven into them.Very, very important men wore several cloaks at the same time. All Aztec boys go to school when they are about eight years old.There were two different kinds of schools, the clan schools and the nobles schools.At the clan schools, most of the teachers were skilled warriors, and weapon training was the most important part of school life.The boys practiced with wooden weapons and went into real battles to help the older warriors get better.The schools also taught history and crafts.All of the teachings were learned by heart, and the students were not taught how to read or write.Some things the boys had to do were: they had to keep the school clean, carry out repairs, cut fire wood, and keep the temple fires burning.Also, to make them tougher they were made to sleep in cold rooms with hardly any covering. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs Once the Aztecs founded Tenochitlan in 1325 in Anahuac on a lake, they also started to absorb a culture. The Aztecs lacked a historical tradition of their own so they began to consider themselves descendants of the Toltecs and adopted their history. Along with the history of the Toltecs came the belief that Quetzalcoatl was the creator of man. Quetzalcoatls name meant giver of life. He taught the Aztecs the necessary arts and trades for the land. Another god named Huitzilopochtli whose name meant god of war and protector of the tribe constantly demanded human sacrifices in his honor. The Aztecs conquered the Toltecs in the final War of the Flower and made them slaves and human sacrifices to the Gods. The Aztecs would continually make sacrifices to the Gods because they believed that there were five sons four of which had already been destroyed, and in order to keep the last one living they needed to make human sacrifices to repay the Gods who had created them. The Aztecs were known to be great artists and sculptors. In fact their sculptures have influenced artists in modern day history. The sculptors made masks to suit the dead on their way to paradise in order to hide them from the demons and devil of the underworld. According to a myth of the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl had once made the gods of the underworld envious. So the demons, altering their image, came to Quetzalcoatl and showed him his reflection in a mirror. He noticed he possessed a human face. Now horrified by this image he left Tenochitlan thinking he had a human destiny and may not in fact be immortal. Quetzalcoatl promised to one day return. On the same date that Quetzalcoatl was said to return a famous conqueror landed on the coast of Yucatan with 16 horses and 508 and soldiers. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs Once the Aztecs founded Tenochitlan in 1325 in Anahuac on a lake, they also started to absorb a culture. The Aztecs lacked a historical tradition of their own so they began to consider themselves descendants of the Toltecs and adopted their history. Along with the history of the Toltecs came the belief that Quetzalcoatl was the creator of man. Quetzalcoatls name meant giver of life. He taught the Aztecs the necessary arts and trades for the land. Another god named Huitzilopochtli whose name meant god of war and protector of the tribe constantly demanded human sacrifices in his honor. The Aztecs conquered the Toltecs in the final War of the Flower and made them slaves and human sacrifices to the Gods. The Aztecs would continually make sacrifices to the Gods because they believed that there were five sons four of which had already been destroyed, and in order to keep the last one living they needed to make human sacrifices to repay the Gods who had created them. The Aztecs were known to be great artists and sculptors. In fact their sculptures have influenced artists in modern day history. The sculptors made masks to suit the dead on their way to paradise in order to hide them from the demons and devil of the underworld. According to a myth of the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl had once made the gods of the underworld envious. So the demons, altering their image, came to Quetzalcoatl and showed him his reflection in a mirror. He noticed he possessed a human face. Now horrified by this image he left Tenochitlan thinking he had a human destiny and may not in fact be immortal. Quetzalcoatl promised to one day return. On the same date that Quetzalcoatl was said to return a famous conqueror landed on the coast of Yucatan with 16 horses and 508 and soldiers. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs Around 1168 AD, a Nahua tribe called the Aztecs left their mysterious homeland known as Aztlà ¡n and migrated south to Central Valley. Atfirst the Aztecs were practically enslaved by the other Nahua tribe, but they continued to struggle for power. By the 1300’s the Aztecs had founded two different settlements on Islands in lakes. These places are known as Tlaltetalco and Tenochtitl;n. By the 15th century Tenochtitl;n was the center of the Aztec world. By the 16th century Tenochtitl;n dominated all the other cities in Central Valley. The middle of the Aztec Empire was near the Lerma River. This plateau is made up of five different sections; the volcanic axis lies across the southern part of the plateau. This area still has active volcanoes; they receive a lot of rain and have fertile soil. The bajio is located just north of the volcanic axis; it has an average elevation of 7,000 feet. This is where the Aztec capital Tenochtitl;n was located. Accounting for more than half of the plateau is the Mesa Del notre. The Mesa Del notre has an average elevation of 9,000 feet.Along the western ridge of the plateau is the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra Madre Occidental is a long mountain chain that protected the Aztecs from outside invaders. Along the eastern side of the plateau is the Sierra Madre Oriental. The Aztec capital receives anywhere between 30 – 50 cm. Temperatures range from 10 – 15 degrees centigrade in winter, to 20 – 25 degrees centigrade in summer. Aztec society was divided into three classes, the slaves, the common people, and the nobility. The Slave class was mostly made up of criminals and POW’s. Slaves could obtain freedom in two ways. Thefirst was to buy it. The second way was to try to escape from their masters. If they reached the royal palace without being caught, they were immediately given their freedom. Another Essay Sample on Aztecs Around 1168 AD, a Nahua tribe called the Aztecs left their mysterious homeland known as Aztlà ¡n and migrated south to Central Valley. Atfirst the Aztecs were practically enslaved by the other Nahua tribe, but they continued to struggle for power. By the 1300’s the Aztecs had founded two different settlements on Islands in lakes. These places are known as Tlaltetalco and Tenochtitl;n. By the 15th century Tenochtitl;n was the center of the Aztec world. By the 16th century Tenochtitl;n dominated all the other cities in Central Valley. The middle of the Aztec Empire was near the Lerma River. This plateau is made up of five different sections; the volcanic axis lies across the southern part of the plateau. This area still has active volcanoes; they receive a lot of rain and have fertile soil. The bajio is located just north of the volcanic axis; it has an average elevation of 7,000 feet. This is where the Aztec capital Tenochtitl;n was located. Accounting for more than half of the plateau is the Mesa Del notre. The Mesa Del notre has an average elevation of 9,000 feet.Along the western ridge of the plateau is the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra Madre Occidental is a long mountain chain that protected the Aztecs from outside invaders. Along the eastern side of the plateau is the Sierra Madre Oriental. The Aztec capital receives anywhere between 30 – 50 cm. Temperatures range from 10 – 15 degrees centigrade in winter, to 20 – 25 degrees centigrade in summer. Aztec society was divided into three classes, the slaves, the common people, and the nobility. The Slave class was mostly made up of criminals and POW’s. Slaves could obtain freedom in two ways. Thefirst was to buy it. The second way was to try to escape from their masters. If they reached the royal palace without being caught, they were immediately given their freedom.

Sir Edward Coke essays

Sir Edward Coke essays Sir Edward Coke, one of the most famous jurist and politicians in English history, was born on February 1, 1552 in Mileham, Norfolk, England. He was educated at Norwich Grammar School and Trinity College in Cambridge, and entered the, Inner Temple or colleges in the university of law in 1572. It did not take long before he established himself as one of the most notorious lawyers in the English Monarch. Some of his most famous cases include the Cromwell libel case, implicating sedition to Edward Denny for words expressed about Henry, Lord Cromwell, and Shelly. It became a influential decision in the history of English land law. Under the sponsorship of William Cecil and Lord Burghly, Sir Edward Coke entered into the public service sector and quickly rose, becoming a member of the Parliament for Aldeburgh in 1589 and solicitor general and recorder of London in 1592. Just one year later, after showing great skill in carrying out Queen Elizabeths policy of curbing the Commons passion for discussing ecclesiastical matters, Sir Edward Coke was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Up until this point in Cokes life, he had encountered little competition for posts that he desired. In 1593, Cokes path crossed that of Francis Bacon. Bacon and Coke were in direct competition for the attorney generals position. Bacon, supported by the Earl of Essex, was the favorite to win the position. Sir Edward Coke was not one though to down without a fight. He campaigned on his own behalf and soon gained enough support to win the appointment in 1594. To ice the cake, Coke even prevented Bacon from becoming solicitor general. This was not the twos last encounter. A few years later, instead of fighting over a political position, they were fighting over a woman. The lucky lady was Elizabeth Hatton. Guess who won? Yep, you guess it, Sir Edward Coke. Now lets get back to Coke&ap...

Willy Loman’s Failure to be a Tragic Hero Essay Example

Willy Loman’s Failure to be a Tragic Hero Essay Example Willy Loman’s Failure to be a Tragic Hero Paper Willy Loman’s Failure to be a Tragic Hero Paper The tragic hero has long been a dramatic figure. Oedipus defines such a hero; his future determined by the fates and the gods, his actions work together to bring it about even as he believes that he is taking pains to avoid it. He has no choice in how his story will end; he is a hamster in a wheel running and running to go nowhere. Willy Loman is no such hero. While his story makes the reader feel for him and for his family, it is more pathetic than it is tragic. Despite Miller’s well argued assertion that the common man can be a tragic figure, Loman does not fit the requirements for tragedy. A tragic hero suffers from lack of choice; he suffers more than is his lot despite what he feels are wise decisions. He has no choice but to continue on his path because he lacks the possibility to choose. The audience must be moved by the hero’s fate, but both the audience and the hero himself must also learn from the play’s events. Loman does not measure up to being a â€Å"tragic† figure, however. He suffers, not because of fate, but because he has created his own destiny. His measure of greatness is too small. For Loman, a great man is â€Å"well liked. † He repeats this theme throughout the play, using it to judge himself and to judge other people. However, as Charley points out, it is not necessary to be well liked in this life to be successful (Miller, 1977, p. 97). Despite the repeated failure of his model for success Loman continues with it, even teaching it to his children, perpetuating the cycle of failure. Although he seems to learn from Charley’s words that his only success lies in what he can sell, thus leading to the thought that all he has left of value is his life (Miller, 1977), Loman proves to the audience that he has not learned at all. Instead, he fantasizes about how his family will love him for his sacrifice, not realizing that he will take from them what they truly cherish. Without doubt, it is possible for the audience to fear Loman’s fate. In today’s uncertain world that sees many people living from paycheck to paycheck, it is possible to feel that our lives are valueless. What makes Loman’s fate more pathetic than tragic, however, is his continued insistence on using a single, worthless, measure of success and his continued fantasizing. Had he learned from his mistakes and still continued to fail, or had he been compelled to repeat his actions through fate, he might have reached the level of tragic hero. However, Loman is more allied with Tiresias, whose blindness reflects the unseeing actions of the other characters, rather than with the hero whose fated actions bring about his tragic end. Reference Miller, A. (1977). Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin.

SAT Summer Prep Programs Should You Join

SAT Summer Prep Programs Should You Join SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are SAT Prep Summer Programs and should you use them? There are a lot of variations in SAT summer programs and the hours of study they offer.Other than time, the greatest variation in SAT summer programs is through price. There are commercial and noncommerical options and they vary by price and hours offered, as well as the material used. No matter the course, a good program will offer at least once a week test. Advantages and disadvantages to a summer only program On the one hand you might find it easier to focus on only one thing during the summer, so a summer prep program might seem ideal. However, you might already be drained from a long and difficult school year and just want a break.A summer camp environment and attitude can alsobe distracting, and you might not learn as much as you would have withalternative methods. If you are set on a summer camp though, you should check out our article on SAT summer camps. Moreover, since its summer, you may feel youhave time for intensive study and put in many hours. But, you might find that you end up putting in too many hours and burn yourselfout by the time the test comes around.In the end, many find that an hour or two every day over a longer period of time is much more manageable than the 6-8 hours per day that might be required from an official SAT boot camp BUT! You don't need to do an SAT summer boot camp for intensive study While an SAT summer camp or boot camp is good for forcing you to invest a lot of time into SAT prep, you don't need a boot camp for intensive study. And when you put in a lot of hours, then your scores will improve, regardless of where you do it. But keep in mind that just because you can, doens't mean you should!While you may be able to concentrate more hours in the summer, some students may find this overwhelming. For them, it may be better to spread out any studying over a longer period of time. What are the alternatives? Online SAT prep: allows you to set the schedule, costs significantly less and lets you move at a pace comfortable for you, while also allowing for specialized instruction Either online or local, individual SAT prep with a tutor: this would give you personal attention but also be much more affordable than an SAT summer camp. Tutors will test you on your weaknesses and guide your study, but they are mainly a supplement to more extensive study on your own time. Studying on your own: with proper strategies, even studying on your own can be as effective, and far more cost friendly. You can find plenty of online resources that can guide your self study. If you are thinking of self study, plan to set aside at least one week to preparing a course of study for your summer. And then, follow it. Use the free resources at PrepScholar to help you plan out your SAT summer self study.Check out our links on the side or at the bottom of this article to get you started. Or start a free trial at our program, designed to tailor sat prep to your needs, right in your own home. What are the disadvantages of self study? Self study can be inexpensive and flexible, and it can fit to any schedule. However, it can be difficult to maintain discipline on your own and not everyone can do it. First, you will need to analyze your own performance objectively and not everyone can do that easily. Second, you will need to maintain a strict schedule with no outside supervision. Lastly, you will need to research and select the study material on your own, which may take time that you don't have. How to tailor an online program to the summer? If you plan to study during the summer, then the smartest things you can do is to maximize the hours you devote to study so that you won't have to worry about this during the school year. Since you can now devote hours at a time, you should use that time to do plenty of practice tests! The more practice tests you do, the greater the improvement in scores you will see.If its feasible, you can study just four hours every weekday and still study upto 20 hours a week, which is as good as many summer programs.Then,if you find that you have four spare hours - optimize that time. Do a timed practice test! It will make you more familiar with the test and allow your brain to further familiarize itself with the question types. What’s Next? Check out our other article on SAT Summer ideas- Should you really join a SAT Summer Camp?or our 5 Step SAT/ACT Test Dates and Study Plan for Summer before Senior Year. For those interested, check out our article on Summer Institutes for the Gifted. If you scored a 2200 or above on your recent SATs, then consider whether you need to retake it! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Shakespeare's Hamlet- Consider the significance and importance of the Essay

Shakespeare's Hamlet- Consider the significance and importance of the ghost to the play, to the other characters and to the audience, both contemporary and eliz - Essay Example The ghost may be the main reason for Hamlet’s continuing popularity. It is â€Å"the linchpin of Hamlet; remove it and the play falls to pieces† (Wilson 1935). The ghost drives the plot of the play, is a full-blown character in its own right, and it profoundly affects all the characters that encountered it. In addition to this, the ghost attracted the interest of the Elizabethan audience, for which the drama was first performed, and it continues to be the object of many current works of literary criticism. The ghost of Hamlet’s father appears in four scenes of the play. In two of these scenes (Act 1, Scene 1 and Act 1, Scene 4), the ghost appears to people other than Hamlet, specifically Horatio and Marcellus. Barnardo sees the ghost in the first scene, but he is not present in the fourth, or anywhere else in the play. In the other two scenes (Act 1, Scene 5 and Act 3, Scene 4), the ghost appears to Hamlet alone. It is interesting that only Hamlet can see the ghost in the fourth scene of Act 3, even though he is with his mother, in her bedchamber, at the time. Could it be that his contrived â€Å"antic disposition† (Jenkins 1982), the purpose of which was to help him discern the truth of what happened to his father, really did lead to an actual madness? Was he merely imagining the ghost’s presence, or was the ghost really there? It is true enough that at the beginning of the play, the ghost has every appearance of being real. Its presence is even enough to convince Horatio, the scholarly sceptic, that spirits exist. In his own words, â€Å"Before my God, I might not this believe without the sensible and true avouch of mine own eyes† (Jenkins 1982). Not only does Horatio believe that it really is a ghost he sees, but he is also convinced that the ghost is the spectre of Hamlet’s late father. He believes this because of the ghost’s costume. â€Å"Such was the very armour he had on when he

Attitudes of Arabic (Saudi) speakers toward learning English language Research Proposal

Attitudes of Arabic (Saudi) speakers toward learning English language - Research Proposal Example The attitude of Arabic speakers towards leaning the English language is normally influenced by positive and negative factors. The positive factors influencing the attitudes of Arabic speakers in learning the English language include; motivation, which plays a crucial in the attitudes developed by Arabic speakers in learning the English language. Motivation is essential in the development of attitudes by Arabic speakers towards the English language in that; the lack of motivation for speakers normally result to the loss of interest by Arabic speakers in learning the English language. The lack of motivation, therefore, normally affects the success of the Arabians in learning the English language (Derwing, Et al, 2004). Pedagogic factors also tend to influence the development of attitudes by Arabian speakers towards learning the English language. The learning environment normally plays a crucial role in the development of attitudes by Arabic speakers towards learning the English language. When the learning environment is favorable, it is evident that Arabic speakers are likely to develop positive attitudes towards learning the language. If the learning environment enhances a better understanding of the English language by the Arabic speaker, then it is evident that Arabic speakers will develop a positive attitude towards learning the language. However, unfavorable learning environments normally result to the development of negative attitudes by Arabic speakers towards learning the English language (Edwards & Giles, 2006). The teaching programs also play a role in the attitudes of the Arabic speakers in learning English. To enhance the development of positive attitudes by Arabic speakers towards the English language, it is essential that the learning curriculum is designed in a way that it favors the understanding of the English language by the Arabic speaker. If the curriculum does not favor the

My reflection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

My reflection - Research Paper Example Anita Ghai, a disabled Indian woman, reflects on the marginalization of disabled women in India and the driving force behind the disability movement in India. The cultural environment in India has made it difficult for the movement because of the stigmatization facing people with disabilities as they are treated as outcasts or lower caste members (Ghai 29).The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990(ADA) defined the critical aspects of the rights and benefits of people with disabilities. With this type of governance, the definition of â€Å"who is a disabled person† was made clear. The ADA emphasizes on the need to modify the existing facilities and amenities to accommodate people with disabilities. Disabled people should be given the proper assistance and inspiration to get the best out of them. Beneath that physical or mental disability, there lies a true and definite talent that only needs to be exposed in the correct manner, with patience and the correct training provided. I believe that disabled people deserve equal opportunities to prove their

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resources Management - Essay Example REFERENCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The role of human resources manager is very diverse and requires a complicated individual in the job role with a vast understanding of information technology, human behaviour knowledge, psychology, conflict resolution, and planning innovator. HRM now fulfils, due to environmental or internal factors, a role where more intervention and inter-connectivity between line management roles and strategic leadership are becoming strengthened. It is not a segregated business function today where once it was likely limited to just control methodologies to secure lower budgeting; a hard view of HRM. It is much softer today and requires empowerment strategies as a key resource for improving the competitive position of the business or bring more human-related value. This report identifies the changing role of HRM using appropriate expert theory and experience. Introduction The role of human resources managers has changed in recent years, most of which is derived of cha nging roles and activities within the entire business network. Areas such as supply chain, global competition, new technology development and attitude recognition of workers at the psychological level in order to gain new motivation or performance outcomes have brought these changes. There is must more interaction between human resources and line management as a product of these evolutions, therefore seeming to make them indistinguishable and also inter-connected roles. From recruitment through the process of ensuring employees achieve a satisfactory work environment when measured against performance standards, the HRM process is that of a counsellor, coach, mentor, skills developer, and even strategist. There is virtually no area of the business that is not, in some fashion, influenced by the HR manager or the processes that guide HR practices. The roles of HRM Empowerment of workers is one of the major human resource goals and is a central focus of their activities. â€Å"Empower ment will allow greater control over non-management staff by line managers and supervisors when given authority or more authority in areas such as recruitment, discipline and absence control† (Yusoff & Abdullah, 2008, p.10). Thus, there is a control element of the HRM role when working toward some sort of empowerment model. The HRM manager acts then as a facilitator of empowerment for not only the worker, but colleagues at the management level. They allow managers to become familiarized with and adapt to changing human resources principles and then offer them guidance to remain self-focused on running the management floor. â€Å"HR should be a support for departmental managers and members of staff. For that they should come out of their office and talk to people and not delegate the job to departmental managers† (Watson, Maxwell & Farquharson, 2007, p.31). This author reinforces that the role of HR is highly visible in the organization and there is direct contact with s enior-level managers or same-level management peers only as a facilitator of their line management activities with a touch of human resources focus1. It reinforces the connection between management and operations and the HR practitioner in a way that provides stronger connections with managers and meets the overall goal of empowering them to take HR action where needed; and perhaps recognise where certain deficiencies lie. The HR manager also works with a composite of different technologies to support the HR function. Computer

Cellular and Molecular Pathology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cellular and Molecular Pathology - Essay Example In obtaining the right tissue for the examination, there are two distinct methods that can be employed. That is the physical examination technique and the liver biopsy technique. During physical examination, the medical history of the suspected patient is checked and more attention is paid to the patient’s abdomen. Presence of lumps in the liver can be felt as a patient lies flat with the liver being swollen. Other cases present an enlarged spleen and ability to hear a unique sound/noise when a stethoscope is used to listen to the blood vessels. The noise is usually caused by tumor pressure on the vessels. Liver biopsy is the appropriate method that can be used in obtaining materials for the study. In this case, a definite diagnosis is provided. It is appropriate since it deals with the actual tissues and fluids from the liver thus giving appropriate results rather than the suspect results as provided by the physical method of testing. Liver biopsy is done through obtaining a sample of the liver or rather a tissue fluid using a fine needle. The obtained tissue or fluid is prepared and checked under the observation microscope for the presence of cancer cells. In many incidences, about 70% biopsy shows a positive result for cancer (Brown, 2010). However, in fewer situations, there are risks involved whereby about 0.4% of the cases, some patients develop severe blood loss since a number of tumors are supplied with major and numerous blood vessels thus the heavy bleeding. 2. Methods of fixation and processing that are most suitable for the studies to be performed a) Tissue fixation Fixation is the process by which obtained tissue samples are preserved in a life –like state preventing damage and distortions and is always carried out sooner after tissue removal through surgeries and immediately after death in the case of autopsies. There are several fixatives such as alcohols, mercurials, oxidizing agents, picrates and aldehydes. In this case I would pr efer the use of formaldehyde which is also regarded as a combination of formalin and glutaraldehyde. The choice is coherently based on the neutral nature of the formaldehyde solution and the ability to penetrate the tissues cells thus encouraging visibility during the observation time. Formaldehyde has a standard solution hydrogen potential at 10% buffered formalin. The buffer is significant in prevention of acidity that would in turn cause precipitation of the formol-heme tint in the tissues. Formalin has an osmotic pressure that is equal to that of the mammalian cells thus preventing the tissue structure changes due to its reaction. The ratio of the fixative to be used stands at 10:1 to the fixative tissue. The fixative specimen would also boost the fixation process. The process of fixation is also increased by altering the temperature which when increased increases all chemical reactions. In the event where the hematoxylin and esion tissues are to be obtained for a pathology test , formalin is a recommended fixative to be used in the preservation process of the tissues since it is more tolerant and harmless to the tissues (Pathol, 2010). Formalin and alcohol are considered as the best fixatives that penetrate the tissues. Penetration is faster in thin sections compared to thick sections of tissues. However, formalin is only recommended for shirt time fixation and cannot be used in the preservation of skeletal specimens since after a long duration it softens the bones and changes the color of

Greek Debt Crisis Essay Example for Free

Greek Debt Crisis Essay Europes debt crisis is a continuation of the global financial crisis and also the result of how Europe attempted to solve the global financial crisis that brought an end to a decade of prosperity and unrestricted debt. European attempts at defending itself against a deep recession, has now created a new crisis of unsustainable and un-serviceable sovereign debt. In early 2010 fears of a sovereign debt crisis, the 2010 Euro Crisis developed concerning some European states including European Union members Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain,(affectionately known as the PIIGS) and Belgium. This led to a crisis of confidence as well as the widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps between these countries and other EU members, most importantly Germany. Concern about rising government deficits and debt levels across the globe together with a wave of downgrading of European government debt has created alarm in financial markets. The debt crisis has been mostly centered on recent events in Greece, where there is concern about the rising cost of financing government debt. On 2 May 2010, the Euro zone countries and the International Monetary Fund agreed to a â‚ ¬110 billion loan for Greece, conditional on the implementation of harsh Greek austerity measures. On 9 May 2010, Europes Finance Ministers approved a comprehensive rescue package worth almost a trillion dollars aimed at ensuring financial stability across Europe by creating the European Financial Stability Facility. Europes heavyweights spent massively on stimulation packages. However such attempts at defending themselves against a deep recession, has now created a sovereign debt crisis. The crisis in Europe has to do with the fear that some countries may be unable to pay back their use more money than they earn. Governments were able to borrow so cheaply in the past decade that running a deficit was often used to stimulate economic growth. One of the ways governments can raise money is through selling bonds, which are bought back after a number of years with interest added. Interest on government bonds has been low for most European countries because bonds were considered secure investments. The market worked on the assumption that governments would always be able to afford buying them back. But what if a country can’t pay back their loans? If a business or individual is in this position, they default and are found bankrupt. But countries can also default on their loans. Argentina defaulted on almost $100 billion of debt owed to the World Bank in 2002. Unemployment soared to 25 percent, GDP dropped by over 10 percent and the Argentine peso lost half its value overnight. This is the scenario that European leaders wanted to avoid when in 2009 concern started to mount over Greece’s ability to pay off its debt. Should Greece default, it would probably be forced to pull out of the euro with unknown but potentially grave consequences for the global economy debt. But debt in itself is not always considered a problem and European governments often. INTRODUCTION A DEBT CRISIS deals with countries and their ability to repay borrowed funds. Therefore, it deals with national economies, international loans and national budgeting. The definitions of debt crisis have varied over time, with major institutions such as Standard and Poors or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) offering their own views on the matter. The most basic definition that all agree on is that a debt crisis is when a national government cannot pay the debt it owes and seeks, as a result, some form of assistance. In the real world, of course, things definitely get messy. People are optimistic, hence they offer themselves for jobs they are not quite qualified for; they borrow money on more of a hope that their business plan will work out than a real knowledge of the difficulties and the problems ahead. There is also the government, who has entered the credit system to borrow money to finance its wars. If the wars turned out well then the bond holders got their money back. If the war was a disaster then the credit system crashed and bond-holders were lucky to get anything back. The causes of the current debt crisis are complex, rooted in economic policies and development choices going back to the 1970s and 1980s. When the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quadrupled the price of oil in 1973, OPEC nations deposited much of their new wealth in commercial banks. The banks, seeking investments for their new funds, made loans to developing countries, often hastily and without monitoring how the loans were used. Some of the money borrowed was spent on programs that did not benefit the poor, such as armaments, failed or inappropriate large scale development projects, and private projects benefiting government officials and small elite. Meanwhile, as inflation rose in the U.S., the U.S. adopted extremely tight monetary policies that soon contributed to a sharp rise in interest rates and a worldwide recession. The irresponsible lending on the part of creditors, mismanagement on the part of debtors, and the worldwide recession all contributed to the debt crisis of the early 1980s. Developing countries were hurt the most in the worldwide recession. The high cost of fuel, high interest rates, and declining exports made it increasingly difficult for them to repay their debts. During the rest of the decade and into the 1990s, commercial banks and bilateral creditors (i.e., governments) sought to address the problem by rescheduling loans and in some cases by providing limited debt relief. Despite these efforts, the debt of many of the worlds poorest countries remains well beyond their ability to repay it. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES At the end of this assignment my aim is to learn: ââ€" ª What a Debt Crisis is? ââ€" ª The European countries affected by a Debt Crisis. ââ€" ª In detail about the Greek Debt Crisis. ââ€" ª The causes of the European Debt Crisis ââ€" ª The effects of the European Debt Crisis ââ€" ª The various solutions undertaken to resolve the European Debt Crisis The European Debt Crisis The European debt crisis is the shorthand term for Europe’s struggle to pay the debts it has built up in recent decades. Five of the region’s countries – Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain – have, to varying degrees, failed to generate enough economic growth to make their ability to pay back bondholders the guarantee it was intended to be. Although these five were seen as being the countries in immediate danger of a possible default, the crisis has far-reaching consequences that extend beyond their borders to the world as a whole. In fact, the head of the Bank of England referred to it as â€Å"the most serious financial crisis at least since the 1930s, if not ever,† in October 2011. This is one of most important problems facing the world economy, but it is also one of the hardest to understand. Greece In the early mid-2000s, Greeces economy was one of the fastest growing in the eurozone and was associated with a large structural deficit. As the world economy was hit by the global financial crisis in the late 2000s, Greece was hit especially hard because its main industries — shipping and tourism — were especially sensitive to changes in the business cycle. The government spent heavily to keep the economy functioning and the countrys debt increased accordingly. On 23 April 2010, the Greek government requested an initial loan of â‚ ¬45 billion from the EU and International Monetary Fund (IMF), to cover its financial needs for the remaining part of 2010. A few days later Standard Poors slashed Greeces sovereign debt rating to BB+ or junk status amid fears of default, in which case investors were liable to lose 30–50% of their money. Stock markets worldwide and the euro currency declined in response to the downgrade. The downgrading of Greek government debt to junk bond status in April 2010 created alarm in financial markets, with bond yields rising so high, that private capital markets practically were no longer available for Greece as a funding source. On 2 May 2010, the Eurozone countries and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed on a â‚ ¬110 billion bailout loan for Greece, conditional on compliance with the following three key points: ââ€" ª Implementation of austerity measures, to restore the fiscal balance. ââ€" ª Privatization of government assets worth â‚ ¬50bn by the end of 2015, to keep the debt pile sustainable. ââ€" ª Implementation of outlined structural reforms, to improve competitiveness and growth prospects. The payment of the bailout was scheduled to happen in several disbursements from May 2010 until June 2013. Due to a worsened recession and the fact that Greece had worked slower than expected to comply with point 2 and 3 above, there was a need one year later to offer Greece both more time and money in the attempt to restore the economy. In October 2011, Eurozone leaders consequently agreed to offer a second â‚ ¬130 billion bailout loan for Greece, conditional not only the implementation of another austerity package (combined with the continued demands for privatization and structural reforms outlined in the first programme), but also that all private creditors holding Greek government bonds should sign a deal accepting lower interest rates and a 53.5% face value loss. This proposed restructure of all Greek public debt held by private creditors, which at that point of time constituted a 58% share of the total Greek public debt, would according to the bailout plan reduce the overall public debt burden with roughly â‚ ¬110 billion. A debt relief equal to a lowering of the debt-to-GDP ratio from a forecast 198% in 2012 down to roughly 160% in 2012, with the lower interest payments in subsequent years combined with the agreed fiscal consolidation of the public budget and significant financial funding from a privatization program, expected to give a further debt decline to a more sustainable level at 120.5% of GDP by 2020. The second bailout deal was finally ratified by all parties in February 2012, and became active one month later, after the last condition regarding a successful debt restructure of all Greek government bonds, had also been met. The second bailout plan was designed with appointment of the Troika to cover all Greek financial needs from 2012-14 through a transfer of some regular disbursements; and aimed for Greece to resume using the private capital markets for debt refinance and as a source to partly cover its future financial needs, already in 2015. In the first five years from 2015-2020, the return to use the markets was however only evaluated as realistic to the extent, where roughly half of the yearly funds needed to patch the continued budget deficits and ordinary debt refinance should be covered by the market; while the other half of the funds should be covered by extraordinary income from the privatization program of Greek government assets. Mid May 2012 the crisis and impossibility to form a new government after elections and the possible victory by the anti-austerity axis led to new speculations Greece would have to leave the Eurozone shortly due. This phenomenon became known as Grexit and started to govern international market behaviour. Due to a delayed reform schedule and a worsened economic recession, the new government immediately asked the Troika to be granted an extended deadline from 2015 to 2017 before being required to restore the budget into a self-financed situation; which in effect was equal to a request of a third bailout package for 2015-16 worth â‚ ¬32.6bn of extra loans. On 11 November 2012, facing a default by the end of November, the Greek parliament passed a new austerity package worth â‚ ¬18.8bn, including a labor market reform and midterm fiscal plan 2013-16. In return, the Euro group agreed on the following day to lower interest rates and prolong debt maturities and to provide Greece with additional funds of around â‚ ¬10bn for a debt-buy-back programme. The latter allowed Greece to retire about half of the â‚ ¬62 billion in debt that Athens owes private creditors, thereby shaving roughly â‚ ¬20 billion off that debt. This should bring Greeces debt-to-GDP ratio down to 124% by 2020 and well below 110% two years later. Without agreement the debt-to-GDP ratio would have risen to 188% in 2013. Causes Many experts agree that the eurozone crisis began in late 2009, when Greece admitted that its debts had reached 300 billion euros, which represented approximately 113% of its gross domestic product (GDP). Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) had already warned several countries about their debt levels, which were supposed to be capped at 60% of GDP. In early 2010, the EU noted several irregularities in Greeces accounting systems, which led to upward revisions of its budget deficits. The negative sentiment led investors to demand higher yields on sovereign bonds, which of course exacerbated the problem by making borrowing costs even higher. Higher yields also led to lower bond prices, which meant larger countries and many eurozone banks holding sovereign debt in troubled countries began to suffer, requiring their own set of solutions. After a modest bailout by the International Monetary Fund, eurozone leaders agreed upon a 750 billion euro rescue package and established the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) in May of 2010. Eventually, this fund was increased to about 1 trillion euros in February of 2012, while several other measures were also implemented to stem the crisis. Countries receiving bailout funds from this facility were required to undergo harsh austerity measures designed to bring their budget deficits and government debt levels under control. Ultimately, this led to popular protests throughout 2010, 2011 and 2012 that culminated in the election of antibailout socialist leaders in France and likely Greece. In January 2010 the Greek Ministry of Finance highlighted in their Stability and Growth Program 2010 these five main causes for the significantly deteriorated economic results recorded in 2009. ââ€" ª GDP growth rates: After 2008, GDP growth rates were lower than the Greek national statistical agency had anticipated. ââ€" ª Government deficit: Huge fiscal imbalances developed during the past six years from 2004 to 2009, where the output increased in nominal terms by 40%, while central government primary expenditures increased by 87% against an increase of only 31% in tax revenues. ââ€" ª Government debt-level: Since it had not been reduced during the good years with strong economic growth, there was no room for the government to continue running large deficits in 2010, neither for the years ahead. ââ€" ª Budget compliance: Budget compliance was acknowledged to be in strong need of future improvement, and for 2009 it was even found to be A lot worse than normal, due to economic control being more lax in a year with political elections. ââ€" ª Statistical credibility: Problems with unreliable data had existed ever since Greece applied for membership of the Euro in 1999. In the five years from 2005–2009, Eurostat each year noted a reservation about the fiscal statistical numbers for Greece, and too often previously reported figures got revised to a somewhat worse figure, after a couple of years. Effects Many economists have argued that Greek should default and pull out of the euro. But according to a study released this September by UBS bank, Greece would suffer a painful economic contraction if it were to do so. According to its figures, a weak euro country such as Greece pulling out of the Euro would face a drop in GDP of between 40 and 50 percent, or a per person cost of between â‚ ¬9,500 and â‚ ¬10,500. According to Diego Valiante from the Centre for European Policy Studies, the effects on global financial system could be more severe than we could imagine. â€Å"We have discovered that the financial system is enormous and is just too big and interconnected to fail. We have to save the financial system from a collapse which would have repercussions on the economies and competitiveness of countries.† Valiante argued that if Greece went down, it would inevitably affect the rest of the global economy due to intertwined the relationships of global banks. If Greece defaults, then banks across Europe who bought billions of euros of Greek debt – because it was considered safe – would suddenly be left with worthless assets. This is where contagion kicks in. Other banks, unsure of who has bought Greek debt, will then start calling in debts out of fear that they cannot reclaim their loans. This then trickles down to businesses which would then be unable to raise the capital they need and Europe’s economies would inevitably experience another recession. Sigurd Nà ¦ss-Schmidt, from the think tank Copenhagen Economics, believes this process has already started. â€Å"Banks are losing trust in each other again. They don’t know who has enough assets and credit markets are freezing up,† he said at a recent lecture in Brussels. Solutions The failure to resolve the eurozone crisis has been largely attributed to a lack of political consensus on the measures that need to be taken. Rich countries like Germany have insisted on austerity measures designed to bring down debt levels, while the poorer countries facing the problems complain that austerity is only hindering economic growth prospects further. Perhaps the most popular solution proposed has been the so-called Eurobond, which would be jointly underwritten by all eurozone member states. The problem with this solution is mostly that of complacency. Some experts believe that access to low interest debt financing will eliminate the need for countries to undergo austerity and only push back an inevitable day of reckoning. Meanwhile, countries like Germany could face the brunt of the financial burden in the event of any Eurobond defaults or problems. With disagreements between rich and poor countries in the region, there is a risk that nothing will be accomplished and the situation will only worsen. In the end, there may not be any easy answer to the eurozone crisis, but financial markets continue monitoring the situation in hopes that a solution amicable to all countries arises. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY My source of knowledge was mainly the INTERNET, through which I used various sites wikipedia and related sites. CONCLUSION In conclusion I would like to say that, the EU finance ministers in their latest efforts to turn things around, have reached a deal on cutting Greek debt and given the green light for the country to receive the next pot of bailout money. Its been waiting since June for the cash and it means the government there will be able to pay workers wages and pensions in December. I also learnt that Greek debts will be cut by 40bn euros ( £32bn) and the country will get another 44 billion euros ( £35billion) of bailout loans. Several countries in the eurozone have borrowed and spent too much since the global recession, losing control of their finances. Greece was the first to take a multi-billion pound bailout from other European countries, followed by Portugal and Ireland. Their governments had to agree to spending cuts before the loans were approved. Greece is still in trouble though and needs more money. Many Greek people dont want any more tax rises and job losses, but tough spending plans have been pushed through so the government can receive its bailout cash. There have been angry protests on the streets and strikes at power stations. The Greek government is relieved at the latest deal, but the main opposition party, Syriza, doesnt think it goes far enough and called it a half-baked compromise. If Greece is unable or unwilling to keep paying what it owes, the country will effectively go bankrupt and probably become the first country to leave the euro currency. There are worries that other countries could do the same, threatening the strength of Europe. Life would also become even tougher for Greek people, who would feel much poorer as their money wouldnt be worth as much. Governments in other eurozone countries like Ireland and Portugal would have to pay more to borrow money and might have to raise taxes and cut spending to balance the books As the UK doesnt have the euro, it hasnt contributed to the bailout except through its membership of the International Monetary Fund, which lends to countries around the world. But some British banks have lent money to Greece and would lose billions if the country went bankrupt. They would lose even more if the problems spread to other countries like Spain and Italy. If the banks are hit hard there could be another credit crunch, making it much harder for British people and businesses to borrow cash for loans and mortgages. Companies in the UK also do many of their trade deals with firms in Europe, so financial problems overseas would affect British business too.